水墨山水最常见的失败不是”不够中国风”,而是糊成一张灰片:墨色全挤在中间调,山、雾、天黏在一起,远看像扫描坏了的旧画。下面 12 条提示词画同一座山,从晨雾到雪后逐层推进,每条只改墨色浓淡与留白位置,把”透气”这件事写进参数里。

先控制两件事:留白与墨阶

水墨没有色彩可以救场,画面的呼吸全靠两样东西:纸留了多少、墨分了几层。写提示词时把这两个量说清楚,比堆”意境””禅意”这类词有用得多。留白写具体位置,比如”峰与天之间留一条空白”,模型才知道空在哪。

墨阶则要给出层次数量。只用一档黑,画面会硬;用到五档以上,中间调一多就脏。这组统一控制在三到五阶,相邻两阶之间靠水痕过渡,而不是靠渐变。

章节时段留白位置墨阶
01日出前画面大半,雾在底部两阶
02初晴峰与天之间一条横带四阶
03正午受光面整块留纸三阶
04云起云带即空白三阶
05雨后山脚保留一条水线五阶
06溪口瀑布整条留纸四阶
07黄昏下三分之一全空四阶
08月夜月轮留圆,其余压暗两阶
09秋日天空占一半三阶
10初雪雪即纸白三阶
11雪后几乎整幅留空两阶
12极简仅一条山脊一阶

晨到正午:湿墨与雾

清晨的山是”没画完”的状态,墨要淡、边要化。这四条的共性是湿画法:笔上水分多,落在宣纸上自然洇开,所以提示词里要出现 bleeding、damp、pooling 这类词,而不是 sharp edge。

01 · 日出前的雾山

Ink wash landscape of a [mountain name] before sunrise, most of the frame left empty, pale ink bleeding into [paper tone] xuan paper, ridges suggested by two dry strokes, no outlines, mist pooling at the base, vertical scroll composition, quiet mood

怎么用:[mountain name] 填一个具体山名,[paper tone] 用 warm ivory。山脊只给两笔,多一笔就实。想更空,把 mist 写成 pooling,雾会沉在底部而不是糊满画面。

02 · 初晴

Chinese ink painting of the same mountain after clearing, [number] ink tones from pale grey to near black, a thin band of empty paper separating peak and sky, wet washes on the slope, a lone pine as a dark accent, soft paper grain, restrained composition

怎么用:[number] 填 4。峰与天之间那条空白是这条的命门,写清 thin band 才不会变成宽白条。孤松只做一点重墨,位置放在坡脚,别放峰顶。

03 · 正午强光

Ink wash study of the mountain at noon, hard light, only [number] tones, the lit face left as bare paper, the shadow side built from layered charcoal washes, sharp ridge edge, no gradient blending, dry brush texture on rock, severe and frontal

怎么用:[number] 填 3。受光面不是画白的,是留出来的,所以写 left as bare paper。no gradient blending 必须加,否则模型会用灰色过渡把对比抹平。

04 · 云起

Landscape in ink of the mountain with clouds rising, clouds painted as unpainted paper between wet grey bands, peak emerging above the white gap, [ink tone] washes pooling at the edges, minimal foreground, tall narrow format, ethereal and still

怎么用:[ink tone] 填 light grey。云是”没画的地方”,写 unpainted paper 比写 white clouds 准。云带上下要各压一道湿墨,白才有边界,否则整张发飘。

雨后到月夜:水痕与浓淡

这一段开始用干湿对比。雨后墨最重,月夜墨最少,中间靠黄昏的暖调过渡。四条的差别主要在水分和纸的干湿度,句式也随之从”洇”转向”积”。

05 · 雨后

Ink wash of the mountain after rain, deep wet charcoal at the base, [number] washes stacked while still damp so the edges bleed, water streaks running down the rock face, foreground rocks as solid black shapes, high horizon, heavy and humid

怎么用:[number] 填 5。关键是 while still damp,趁湿叠加才有水痕。前景石写成 solid black,画面才有前后。地平线抬高,山才压得住。

06 · 溪口瀑布

Chinese ink landscape of a ravine below the same peak, a waterfall drawn with a single dry brush stroke, [paper tone] left untouched for the falling water, moss dots in dark ink, layered washes behind, square format, sound implied rather than shown

怎么用:[paper tone] 填 off white。瀑布是留白,两侧用浓墨夹出来,这是水墨画水的常规做法。苔点要小而散,聚集在石缝,写成一排就假。

07 · 黄昏

Ink painting of the mountain at dusk, a faint [accent color] wash over grey ink, long horizontal mist bands, ridge line softened by diluted ink, empty lower third, sparse dotting for distant trees, warm paper tone, calm and slightly melancholic

怎么用:[accent color] 填 ochre 或 faint vermilion,只上一层薄薄的。下三分之一留空,是给题款留的位置。远树用点,不要画枝干,一画就抢戏。

08 · 月夜

Minimal ink painting of the mountain at night, one peak in [number] tones of black, the moon left as a circle of bare paper, everything else submerged in dark wash, a few silver-grey strokes for the slope, extreme contrast, silent mood

怎么用:[number] 填 2。月亮也是留白,用一圈淡墨围出来,千万别写 white circle,会得到一轮实心白盘。全画只留一条灰调山脊,其余压到最暗。

秋到雪后:枯笔与极简

最后四条的墨越来越少,笔越来越干。秋日用赭石点色,雪景几乎全靠纸白,收尾一条只剩一根线条。这一段考验的是敢不敢空。

09 · 秋日

Ink landscape of the mountain in autumn, [accent color] dots scattered on the lower slope, ink washes kept pale so the color reads, dry brush for bare branches, empty sky occupying half the frame, hanging scroll proportions, crisp and airy

怎么用:[accent color] 填 ochre 或 burnt sienna。墨要淡,色才浮得出来;墨一重,赭石就变脏褐。枯枝写 dry brush,笔痕带飞白,别画成实线。

10 · 初雪

Ink wash of the first snow on the mountain, snow rendered as untouched [paper tone], rock edges only, [number] light grey washes for the shadowed faces, no white pigment, a few dark trees at the base, wide format, cold and hushed

怎么用:[paper tone] 填 cool white,[number] 填 3。雪不能画,只能留,所以写 no white pigment。山石只勾轮廓内侧的几条边,勾满就成线描。

11 · 雪后

Chinese ink painting of the mountain after heavy snow, almost the entire frame left blank, a single dark ridge line crossing the upper third, [number] faint washes for depth, one small figure with a staff at the bottom, vast emptiness, desolate

怎么用:[number] 填 2。人物只做比例尺,写 small figure with a staff,身高约占画面十分之一。山脊一条就够,加第二条就破掉空。淡墨只在下缘扫两笔。

12 · 极简一峰

Extreme minimal ink study of the same peak, one continuous brush stroke forming the ridge, [ink tone] bleeding at the tail, the rest of the paper untouched, a single seal mark in cinnabar red at the corner, no detail, quiet confidence

怎么用:[ink tone] 填 deep charcoal。一笔要有起笔重、收笔虚,所以写 bleeding at the tail。印章是唯一的彩色,位置压在左下角,不要居中。

通用出图技巧

  • 把留白写成方位加形状:峰与天之间一条横带、瀑布整条留纸,比写 lots of negative space 有效。
  • 墨阶给数字,三到五阶最稳。写 ink wash 而不给层数,模型会给你一整片连续灰。
  • 宣纸肌理单独写:xuan paper、paper grain、fiber texture,缺了这层,画面就像数码喷绘。
  • 禁用渐变词。gradient、smooth blend 会让墨色失去边界,需要过渡就写 bleeding 或 pooling。
  • 山脊线宁少勿多。一条主脊加两条皴笔足够,线条一密就变素描。
  • 别写 photorealistic、detailed rocks、high resolution,这些词会把水墨推向照片。
  • 竖幅与横幅要明确:vertical scroll 适合高远,wide format 适合平远,构图逻辑完全不同。
  • 想要画面透气,先在提示词里删掉一半形容词,再补一句 most of the frame left empty。

常见问题

问:为什么出图总是一片灰,山和天分不开?
答:因为墨阶太少又太接近,且没有留白。指定三到五档明确的浓淡,并在峰与天之间留一条空白纸,层次立刻出来。

问:留白总是被模型填满,怎么办?
答:把留白写成具体形状和位置,再补 most of the frame left empty 或 the rest of the paper untouched。只写 minimal 不够,模型会理解成”少画点细节”。

问:想加一点颜色又怕不像水墨,怎么控制?
答:颜色只用于点景,比如赭石点秋叶、朱砂盖章,面积压到很小,并保持墨色为淡。写 faint wash 而不是 color accent,用量会自然收住。

小结

水墨的难度不在画山,在敢不敢空。留白定位置、墨阶定层数、水分定软硬,这三件事写清楚,同一座山就能画出十二种天气。想继续看传统题材的延伸,可以翻中国风提示词合集;如果要给这组画配场景或人物,AI 图片分类归档里也有对应的分组。

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